优化配置模型在莱州市水资源规划中的应用     

王兵  刘竹梅 《地下水》2008,30(5):67-70

介绍了水资源优化配置模型的原理,并通过模型在莱州水资源规划中的实例分析,得到了莱州现状及不同规划水平年的水量优化供需计算结果,对莱州市水资源规划提供了依据,体现了计算机模拟优化模型的优越性。  相似文献   

Traction image method for irregular free surface boundaries in finite difference seismic wave simulation   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

Wei Zhang  Xiaofei Chen 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(1):337-353

In this study, we propose a new numerical method, named as Traction Image method, to accurately and efficiently implement the traction-free boundary conditions in finite difference simulation in the presence of surface topography. In this algorithm, the computational domain is discretized by boundary-conforming grids, in which the irregular surface is transformed into a 'flat' surface in computational space. Thus, the artefact of staircase approximation to arbitrarily irregular surface can be avoided. Such boundary-conforming gridding is equivalent to a curvilinear coordinate system, in which the first-order partial differential velocity-stress equations are numerically updated by an optimized high-order non-staggered finite difference scheme, that is, DRP/opt MacCormack scheme. To satisfy the free surface boundary conditions, we extend the Stress Image method for planar surface to Traction Image method for arbitrarily irregular surface by antisymmetrically setting the values of normal traction on the grid points above the free surface. This Traction Image method can be efficiently implemented. To validate this new method, we perform numerical tests to several complex models by comparing our results with those computed by other independent accurate methods. Although some of the testing examples have extremely sloped topography, all tested results show an excellent agreement between our results and those from the reference solutions, confirming the validity of our method for modelling seismic waves in the heterogeneous media with arbitrary shape topography. Numerical tests also demonstrate the efficiency of this method. We find about 10 grid points per shortest wavelength is enough to maintain the global accuracy of the simulation. Although the current study is for 2-D P-SV problem, it can be easily extended to 3-D problem.  相似文献   

Managing sustainable farmed landscape through 'alternative' food networks: a case study from Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LEWIS HOLLOWAY  ROSIE COX†  LAURA VENN‡  MOYA KNEAFSEY‡  ELIZABETH DOWLER§  HELENA TUOMAINEN§ 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(3):219-229

This paper focuses on a case study of an 'alternative' food network based in the Abruzzo National Park, Italy, to explore how ideas of sustainable farmland management can be expressed through broader understandings of developing networks of care concerned with local economies and societies, high-quality specialist food products, particular 'traditional' farming practices and livestock breeds, as well as the ecology of a farmed landscape. The scheme allows customers, internationally as well as in Italy, to 'adopt' a milking sheep on a large mountain farm. In return, adopters are sent food products from the farm. The adoption scheme is inter-twined with an agri-tourism project which provides accommodation, runs a restaurant and engages in educational activities. The scheme is the result of the individual initiative of its founder, and is associated with a strongly expressed ethical position concerning the value of sustaining valued local rural landscapes and lifestyles, and the importance of 'reconnecting' urban dwellers with rural areas, farming and 'quality' food production. Yet the localness of the scheme is sustained through wider national and international networks: volunteer and paid workers are drawn from several European countries, funding has been acquired from the EU LEADER programme, and internet and transport technologies are essential in connecting with and supplying an international customer base. The broader economy of care instanced in this case study draws attention to a need to develop strategies for sustainable farmland management constructed around wider programmes of social, economic and cultural, as well as environmental, concern.  相似文献   

MRI分割的几何活动轮廓模型的半隐式AOS迭代方法     

李刚 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(2):225-232

几何活动轮廓模型以其计算稳定等优点，被广泛用于图像分割。给出一种基于AOS(additive operator splitting)算法的快速活动轮廓模型，将AOS方法与几何活动轮廓模型相结合构造一种半隐式迭代模型，它对迭代步长没有限制，从而可以选择较大的迭代步长，提高了模型的时间效率，并使用区域信息构造系数矩阵，使模型具有全局性。对MR(magnetic resonance)图像分割的实验表明，该模型可以得到较好的分割结果，同时时间效率也有大幅提高，方便了实时应用。  相似文献   

CAPPS多箱模式中光化学模式的嵌套与城市大气臭氧数值预报   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张恺 徐大海朱蓉  陈军明 《应用气象学报》2005,16(1):1-12

为解决城市边界层中大气O₃浓度的预报问题，选用一种简明有效的光化学反应方案建立光化学模式, 并与大气平流扩散的箱格预报模型进行了嵌套，从而将大气化学过程引入到城市空气污染数值预报系统 (CAPPS) 中。同时，根据实际需要研究了VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) 浓度及NO_x源排放量等参数缺测时，根据前期监测浓度采用遗传算法反演未知参数的具体方法。利用2001年9月8~17日在北京舞蹈学院监测的O₃、NO_x资料及相应的气象数据，用改进后的CAPPS模式进行了单箱预报试验。预报试验结果表明，嵌套后的模式对O₃浓度的变化具备一定的预报能力。  相似文献   

不同辐射传输方案对中尺度降水影响的对比分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

周广强赵春生  丁守国秦瑜 《应用气象学报》2005,16(2):148-158

在MM5非静力稳定中尺度气象模式中引进了建立在δ-4流近似和相关-k分布基础上的对云水、雨水、冰晶和霰的辐射特性进行详细描述的辐射传输方案。新建立的辐射传输方案和MM5中原有的辐射传输方案在华南暴雨中的模拟结果相互比较，并与天气实况的对比表明:辐射在中尺度暴雨中起着重要的作用；辐射传输方案对云辐射特性描述的准确程度对于地面降水影响是明显的；不同的辐射传输方案对地面降水的影响存在较大的差异，并且这些差异在白天比在夜间明显；辐射传输过程对地面降水影响的差异主要表现在降水中心上，而对降水的地理分布改变很小；相对而言，不同的辐射传输方案之间对短波描述的差异对地面降水的影响明显，而对长波描述差异的影响不大；新辐射传输方案能够在一定程度上改进MM5对中尺度降水的模拟能力。  相似文献   

显式自由表面模型时间分裂格式的一个积分方案   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Zhou Weidong 《大气科学进展》2002,19(2):255-265

讨论了有关显式自由表面模型的时间分裂格式中的分裂误差。在传统的积分方案中，由于采用蛙跳格式，斜压动量方程具有三层的时间离散结构，但是，正压动量方程在相应的时间层上只有二层的离散结构。因此，正压方程与斜压方程的时间离散结构是不相容的。分析结果表明，这是导致分裂误差的原因。本提出一种能保持时间离散结构相容的正压和斜压方程的时间积分方案。该积分方案的分裂误差很小因此特别适合于需要长期积分的气候研究。该方案在北太平洋的一个自由表面模型中得到了应用。  相似文献   

A HORIZONTAL 2-D HYDRAULIC NUMERICAL MODEL AND IT’S APPLICATIONS TO FLOOD FORECAST     

Minghui YU  Guolu YANG  Jinjun XU 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(3)

1 INTRODUCTION There were many flood disasters in China in recent years. When the water level in a river is very high, weak parts of its dike may be destroyed resulted in the submersion of the protected land and properties. It is of significance for decision-makers to exactly predict the processes of flood propagation during flood control. There are many modes of dike bursting, such as seepage destroying by overflow on top of dike caused by dike body sinking induced by piping and soil fl…  相似文献   

MODIFIED MASS FLUX CUMULUS CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION EXPERIMENT—PART Ⅰ:MASS FLUX SCHEME AND ITS SIMULATION OF THE 1991 FLOOD EVENT^*          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Yiming  DING Yihui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(1):37-49

Based on the existing cumulus convective parameterization schemes,a mass flux scheme (MFS) for cumulus convective parameterization has been successfully developed by reference to the work of Chen et al. (1996).The MFS is a comprehensive scheme.In MFS,not only the importance of the large-scale moisture convergence is taken into account,but also it includes the cumulus updrafts and downdrafts,cumulus-induced subsidence in the environmental air.entrainment,detrainment and evaporation.The interaction between the cumulus and the environment is described by using a one-dimensional bulk model.At the same time the scheme includes the penetrative and shallow convections.The MFS has been successfully incorporated into the regional climate model RegCM2 developed by NCAR.The new model has been applied to simulate summer monsoon characteristics and their variations of heavy rainfall process in the Changjiang-Huaihe River Basins for three months from May to July 1991.The results show that the new model can successfully simulate this rainfall prolonged process.By comparising the model outputs of RegCM2.using the Kuo scheme and the MFS.it is found that the MFS is better in simulating the surface temperature,rainfall position and amount,and rainfall duration.  相似文献   

辽宁省抚顺市区地质灾害监测系统设计方案     

赵广信  李兰  常耀广 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(3):100-105

抚顺市地质灾害监测系统，由5方面工作内容组成：(1)建立统一可靠的城市高程起算基准；(2)扩展现有的沉降监测网，使分散的监测点联合形成全面、统一的监测网；(3)对浑河断裂带主断层实施监测；(4)对西露天采坑北坡滑坡重点区和采煤沉陷重点区实施水平位移监测；(5)利用计算机技术和地理信息系统(GIS)技术，建立抚顺市地质灾害信患系统。该系统是城市地质灾害防治的基础工程。系统应用了先进的监测手段及数据处理技术。文章介绍了系统的设计方案。  相似文献